A los 5 años los niños deben disfrutar y aprovechar su capacidad aún limitada para conocer e investigar su entorno. Algo así es la idea que tengo de los pedagogos que dicen dar recomendaciones útiles para los padres.
Como son apenas unos pequeños niños, él o ella no debe nunca aprender cosas a través de la “enseñanza a la antigua”. El niño debe ser libre de explorar y jugar; debe poder correr y ensuciarse con el lodo; botar las cosas y aprender lecciones a través de la experimentación. A los 5 años todos creen que no es necesario que un niño aprenda a leer y razonar.
Pero acá les dejo un caso muy interesante que data de algunos años atrás. Este evento ocurrió en la década de 1830s. Haré la traducción al español abajo.
Esta es la historia de un padre (Peter Roget) que da a su hija (Kate, de 5 años) un libro que solía ser utilizado para educar a los jóvenes a principios del siglo XIX (exactamente, el 04 de julio de 1830). El título del libro es “Frank” y se hizo popular desde la última década del siglo XVIII para ayudar a los niños a aprender lecciones:
“Now, Kate, I want you to read to me the first paragraph of Frank”
There was a little boy whose name was Frank. He had a father and a mother, who were very kind to him; and he loved them; he like to talk to them, and he liked to walk with them, and he liked to be with them. He liked to do what they asked him to do; and he took care not to do what they asked not to do.
“Thats very good”, said Roget, removing the book from her hands. “I can read everything in Frank but the very long words, Daddy.
“For your quiz today, I want to ask you about the incident with the cheese that takes place at the end of Part Three. Do you remember how Frank ate his cheese?”
“In a funny way,” said Kate.
“Be precise,” exhorted her father.
“I don’t know.”
“Fine, then, I’ll remember you.”
Taking the book from Kate’s lap, Roget riffled through it, nothing that Frank
put (the cheese) betwixt his fore finger and his middle finger; then he took a piece of bread, and stuck it betwixt his idle middle and fourth finger, and then he took a large mouthful of the cheese and a larger mouthful of the bread, so that his mouth was filled in a very disagreeable manner.
“And why did Frank eat the cheese in such a disagreeable manner?”
Roget asked, peering into Kate’s blue eyes.
“Because he say the little boy in the cottage eat it that wayQ”
“That’s right, but what is the lesson here?”
“The little boy in the cottage, who was excellent at weeding, didn’t know how to eat cheese without getting his fingers all sticky!”
“No, Kate. I’m afraid I will have to tell you.” And Roget read to her the wise words of Frank’s father: “Apes are apt to imitate every thing which they see done, and they cannot, as you can, Frank, distinguish what is useful and agreeable, from what is useless or disagreeable- they imitate everything without reflecting.”
“So, Papa, you mean that Frank was an ape.”
“No, but that he was acting like an ape, as he was imitating the boy in the cottage without reflecting. You will need to read this part again, Kate.”
Tal parece que Kate debió leer de nuevo la lección para entender la moraleja de la historia. Ella tenía sólo 5 años. No he visto a ningún niño de 5 años que sea sometido a estos razonamientos actualmente. Quizás esta sea la razón por la cual ahora nos impresiona tanto pensar que Alejandro Magno a los 23 años ya era el gran conquistador de Asia.